Analysis, explainers and field notes

When every app keeps its own animal database, the same beast exists three times and stolen stock has somewhere to hide. A single national identity closes the gap.

National livestock traceability is not experimental. Three mature systems show what works — lifetime ID, real movement control, and verification at the border — and what to avoid.

Stock theft is not only a policing problem; it is an identity problem. When an animal cannot be laundered into a clean record, the economics of theft change.

Foot-and-mouth disease is contained by controlling where animals can go. Here is how veterinary zones and movement permits work together — and why offline enforcement matters.